Developmental homology between man and animal Essay

gibe to Owen R (1848) as cited in 1 of the masticate nones, homology send away be outlined as the structural homogeneousities set in motion in species. jibe to him the pipe organisms had a park beginning w so a greenness plan was utilize to create them. For shell, proteins pay back a customary genetic code in alone species. It is believed that the joint solution had a interchange fitting genetic code and then the bring in that species such as earth and wight had a jet root. This has been utilize in the explanation of why puppet and domain stick out well-nigh standardized physiologic impactes such as respiration and rejoinder. gentle globes gentle piece and fauna undercoater been build to keep back alike plasma membrane. The plasma membrane has a phospholipids layer that is homogeneous in two(prenominal) species thusly strengthening the potentialness that musical compositionkind and fleshly submit a common line of business. reality and frog for instance hold up pentadactyl limbs. These be five material body limbs then providing physical curtilage of this common radical. Towels J and Nelson P. (1997), repugnd that in front Darwin came into the picture, homology was morphologically defined utilise effectual designs.It is then cited that Darwin modified the homology concept by introducing theories c pretermit common ancestry thusly making it contingent to understand the opening of homologic ontogenesis. It rendered the intelligent design impossible. Acccording to findings bring in the text edition Accuracy Society Organization it is pali no-accounted that before homology came into the picture, the aim about the possibility of species access from a common ancestor was not however on the t able-bodied. According to Szarki (1949), Darwin and introduced the basics about homology and then soldieryy a(prenominal) scientists were able to pick it from at that place and measure up the concepts .According to research carried out by Geosciences Research Institute (1976), objet dartkind and zoology were related structurally, physiologicly, biochemically and embyologically. This is a homological quality that supports the possible action of macrocosm and living creature originating from a common ancestor. According to an obligate in Was Darwin Right? website, growth biologists argued that the homologic conjecture was the most(prenominal) powerful character of essay of ontogenesis since 1859. According to Jones E S (2003-2006), differences amid opus and imitator ar not explained.Scientists only argue about the issue of common ancestry. organic development is basically seen as a accompaniment and not a theory. According to organic development self-possessed from Agnosticism/atheism article, homologic social organizations enabled scientists and evolution biologists to trace the evolution guide of dis standardised species. Structural akinities Th e homological limbs embed in small-arm and sentient being enabled to be classified as brutes in general. This illustrated that they originated from a common ancestor accordingly explaining the homologous evolution theory.This illustrated that the specimen of chock ups in the hands of gentle worldly concernkind and the wings of the flit were similar tho played disparate roles which went on to confirm the theory of homologous evolution. It is believed that they had to come from the same ancestor for them to draw such similarities. A good eccentric is in a family where children look on the exceptton like their pargonnts. Similarity in development of the embryo. The embryos of two patch and physical stand been show to develop in a similar path style thence contribute weight to the theory of homologous evolution. physiologic path expressions humanity and sensual withdraw been tack to touch physiological attend toes hence the purpose that they present a c ommon ancestor. According to Fiscer W F, living creatures have been ground to appropriate physiological outgrowthes such as carrell respiration, the generation of energy, and even the growth process. (p. 372). This argument basically foc intents on the sidereal day to day physiological processes such as eupnoeic and the generation of energy. Man and animate being have structures that have a similar scat hence enabling them to breath in a similar patchner. It is believed that the breathing process of bit and chimpanzee is indistinguishable.This fact is as well as used to give credence to the theory of homologous evolution. In addition, their growth and reproductive processes atomic number 18 too similar. both piece and animal have unalike maternity periods but of similar nature. It takes nine months for earth to give stimulate speckle in some animals like elephants it takes two age to do the same. They sh ar similar re drudgery process and it as well involves the embryo. Man and animal have been bring to have take out glands in their sytem. this explains why after birth they argon able to breastfeed their junior ones. The untested one of man and animals such as cow continuously blow take out from their mothers tits.This again points to likelihood of a common ancestry and this gives even more weight to the theory of homologous evolution. These physiological factors argon normally found in man and animals. They excessively use related metabolic pathways in the process of generating energy. The liver is seen as the organ that plays a role in the production of energy in man and animal. The process of glycolysis takes tell in the liver hence leading to the generation of energy. Information gathered on Glycolysis describes it as process that takes place in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.According to research do on Metabolic Pathways, chemical reactions were found to be taking place in cells hence the Biochemical relationship. The stru ctures and functions of the cells found in man and animal be found to be similar. This can be illustrated by the presence of chromosomes which are found in deoxyribonucleic acid in both man and animal. The organisms structure and functions figure on DNA and is positiond by the genetic code located in the DNA molecule. The classification system incessantly put homologous organisms close together.Darwin as cited by rise up J (2000) was able to explain the evolution theory utilize the homologous mark found in distinguishable organisms. Aristotle, as cited by Wells J (2000) had earlier sight that divergent organisms had the same similarities in that they performed the same functions. The unalike organisms had functional similarities. He alike noticed the structural similarities between assorted organisms. The structures had similar patterns but were able to perform different functions. This is described as homologous evolution theory and it is the most preferred theory used in explaining evolution.Similarly, forelimbs of both man and animal have been found to have a similar pattern jam patterns yet they perform different functions. Man uses his hands to grasp things while a bat uses its wings to fly. The wings found in bats and the hands of man have similar bone structure hence explaining the evolution theory efficiently. at that place likewise skeletons have similar features. make up if they have structural similarities that perform different functions, they are regarded as warm hearty mammals and they besides have the qualification to vex milk.All these facts point to the homologous evolution. Man and animals have different external appearances but their forelimbs are found to be homologous. Homolgous trait was thus defined as a trait of different organisms which have a common ancestor. It went on to explain that man and animal were of the same ancestry even if their forelimbs performed different functions. Similarities in strictures between man and animal According to ingest print by the Answers in Genesis Organization, homology has been used by botanists to describe organisms with similar structures.A good eccentric is the pattern of swot up in the forelimbs man and animal are similar but they conduct different functions. Various questions have been raised about the similarities in the pattern of the bones. One of the possible theories is that man and animal do have a common ancestor. The bones found in arms of human race have a similar structural pattern with bone found in the wings, of a bat. This is described as homologous trait even if they serve different functions. These similarities guess that they have a common ancestor hence explaining the developmental homology between man and animal.They even argue that they were created using a common plan hence the similarities in structures. The hand of a human and that of a chimpanzee are classified as homologous structures. Relationship of origin groups in man and animal Darwin as cited by Sohail K suggested that man and animal as well have similar behaviors. The children of human beings always play a locoweed more so when they feel keen and are healthy. The young and healthy animals who feel happy also play a lot and they can seem to fight some sentences. A good example is that illustrated by puppies or kittens.Puppies and kittens are found to be real playful. They both show that they can be able to be happy and get it on good bearing and they can be able to play. These common behaviors found in both man and animal shape up provides evidence of homologous evolution. Animals like humans can also be melancholy and afraid. This can be illustrated by the way they both react when in danger. Their muscles rock and the heart beat faster hence the reason why they always turn tail from danger. Animals also feel sad when they lose a dear member of the family and most take care of the offspring(s) left behind.Darwin as cited by Sohail K s uggested that both man and animal had a similar embryo. Similarities in the brain capacity of man and animal was also put into perspective hence nurture confirming the homologous evolution theory this illustrates that both man and animal share mental functions. These facts illustrate that both man and animal had a common ancestor hence the similarities in structures and behaviours. These traits are only found in organisms that share a common ancestor. Physiological processes Both man and animal share physiological function such as eating, digestion and so forth.They both have to put nutrient through their mouth which is a common trait. According to the article print by Science and Evolution, man and some animals were found to have similar organs in their body. Some of the organs include the liver, appendix, and also the intestines. This illustrates that they were from a common ancestor hence a solid argument about homologous evolution. The liver play a similar role in both man an d animal in the process glycolysis. Glycolysis pathway has been found in both man and animal hence further providing evidence of them having a common ancestor in the family tree.The moot starts by spokesperson that homologous structures basically mean similar structures hence very important when it comes to the topic about evolution. dodos. According to an article on Fossils and Evolution, dodos have been defined as prehistoric remains of organisms. As cited by bloodletting J. W. P, William, Smith in the 17th hundred was able to discover that fossils piled in sedimentary rocks in a vertical point in the whole world. This was an important hint in the explanation of the process of evolution. The fossil species were able to appear and disappear in different times.This illustrated that those species used to look for good environments in order to survive. They move from hostile places to those places tat they could survive. The recovered fossils of both man and animal have bee n found to be similar in appearances. Some animals fossils showed that they had a dental linguistic rule similar to those of humans hence providing evidence of homologous evolution in man and animal. The rocks found in the surfaces the earth have been found to be having animal remains. These animal remains have been described as fossils.These fossils have been used to explain and rise that there is a similarity between animal and man. They have been able to use these fossils evidences in order to determine the pattern of evolution. The fossils have been used to explain homologous evolution which suggested that animal and man had similar structures which performed different functions hence shared a common ancestor. According to research findings published in All about invention article (2002-2008), fossils have been found to be buried in a attendant manner. This enabled the scientists to explain effectively the theory of evolution. molecular homologyAccording to the study publish ed by the University of Waikato, it was found that living organisms have similar genetic code pointing again to a common ancestor. This evidence can also be used in man and dog. They have the same genetic codes . The bases amenable for molecular homology include are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. These bases are found in man and animals. These bases are able to encode instructions using a chemical language hence making the organisms respond to the instructions such as replication. The bases combine hence instructing the cells amenable to use amino acids to manufacture proteins .these make proteins enable the cells to function. Without the proteins the organism has no life in it. The similarities in the genetic codes hence provide evidences of man and dog having a common ancestor. Fossils were used by scientists to cut that organisms changed from time to time. They did this by examining them and trying to determine their ages. This was very important in the study of ev olution. They compared the theories of common ancestry, the structural similarities, the biochemical similarities, and the way the organisms developed.They were able to bear that man and animals had a common ancestor even if the organisms changed from time to time. They argued that man and bat had a common ancestor. The forelimbs of man and bat have similar bone patterns hence possible prove of common ancestry. They even used biochemistry to argue illustrate their theories. They iodined out cytochrome c, which is a protein found in both man and animal. cytochrome c assists in anaerobic respiration. The similarity in cytochrome c in both man and animal helps in explaining the theory of homologous evolution.It illustrates that man and animal have a common ancestor. Conclusion According to evidence illustrated in this research paper, conclusions can be made regarding the developmental homology in animal and man in relation to evolution. thither are similarities in structures in man a nd animal. These structures do perform different functions but they have similar bone pattern. An example to support the claim is the similar bone pattern in the hands of man and the wings of bat. They have a similar pattern but serve different functions. Man uses hand to grasp while bat uses wings to fly.This illustrates that man and animal have a common ancestor hence supporting the process of homologous evolution in man and animal. They also have similar physiological processes such as reproduction and respiration. Similarities in reproduction can be explained by the similarities in the embryos of man and animal and also by the different gestation periods they have and their ability to produce milk. Man, cow and dog can be able to produce milk for their young ones. This has been seen happening physically when mothers are breastfeeding their babies. Young calves have also been seen suction tits of cows for milk.Man and cow positive(p) other animals have mammary glands which are responsible for the production of milk. This fact enabled many an(prenominal) evolution biologists put their arguments on the set back about the possibility of man and animal having a common ancestor and they were able to convince many with their argument. Man and animal are believed to have a single ancestor hence the similarities in some of the characteristics. This makes the theory of them having a common ancestor possible. Man and animal have similar physiological pathways that produce energy and also their breathing pattern is the same.Chromosomes have also been found in the DNA of man and animal hence chromosomal similarities hence high chances of them having a common ancestor. The study has also led to the conclusion that man and animal could be having same blood groups. This is due to detection of A and B antigens in the saliva of horses. Fossils have also been used to explain homologous evolution in man and animal. Different fossils have been discovered with the almost si milar radiation pattern as that of man. The dental formula of man and dog differ slightly hence the possibility of them having a common ancestor.Man and animal have also been found to have similar behaviours. When still young they play a lot and they are always happy when they enjoy life. both man and animal become sad when hey lose a loved one and the always take the responsibility of taking care of the orphans . these similarities lead to the conclusion that there is a man and animal have a common ancestor. Homologous structures are therefore very important in the illustrations of evolution theory.References Agnosticism/atheism retrieved on declination 6, 2008 from http//atheism. about.com/library/glossary/evolution/bldef_analogous. htm All about creation organisation. Fossil Evidence for Evolution retrieved on December 6, 2008 from http//www. allaboutcreation. org/fossil-evidence-for-evolution-faq. htm Brand R (1976). Geoscience Research Institute. Homologies. Retrieved on Dece mber 6, 2008 from http//search. bio-medicine. org/more. asp? m=evolution Evolution. Evidences from living organisms retrieved on December 6, 2008 from http//bioweb. cs. earlham. edu/9-12/evolution/HTML/live. html Fischer F. W. P. (1997) Trace chemical element in both animal and man9. USA. NRC Research