The Rise of the Anti-Slavery Movement in the US Essay

Throughout the history of America, the struggle between white and black Americans is by the far the most complex and long standing issue. Beginning with first contact between white Europeans and Africans during the English colonial period, Africans were immediately labeled with terms including savage and heathen. During the Antebellum period, institution of chattel slavery in America certain ideas of what the black man’s role in society became widely known and accepted. Stereotype such as the Sambo, the Zip Coon, the Buck, and the Mammy, became very common particularly after slavery was abolished. Although they are gross caricatures, these representations and images left lasting impressions which effects can be seen even in contemporary†¦show more content†¦According to Genovese, author of The World the Slaves Made (1974), he discusses how enslaved people created community within the â€Å"plantation setting†. This was an incredible accomplishment for people wh ose lives were ruled by forced labor. Slaves got married, have children, worked hard on plantation, endure violence to keep their families together. African American men, women, and children developed an underground culture through which they â€Å"affirmed their humanity†. According to Genovese, if not for occurrence of cultural values, slaves would have assimilated with their masters to an unimaginable point. With the end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, slavery enters the antebellum period leading up to the civil war. Antebellum slavery was primarily located in the Southern state where it took on many different forms. Unlike the colonial period where slave were enslaved on mostly large Plantation , African Americans in the antebellum were enslaved on small farms, some large plantations, towns, inside homes and out in the fields. During the antebellum period, slavery dramatically changed as it become more racialize that before. Anti-slavery movement in the north created a hope of freedom for slaves in the south as white slave master took steps in preventing the abolishment of slavery in the U.S. With the growing number of African Americans and the dwindling number of European immigrants laws toward slaves became increasinglyShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War Of The United States1233 Words   |  5 Pagesnot a result of a single issue but that of numerous issues, which were tied together. So me events that occurred in America that led southern states to secede from the Union were half oppression in the Union, the compromise of 1850, the rise of the abolition movement, John Brown’s raid and the election of Abraham Lincoln. In some way or another, these events also led to the Civil war. The initial issue which caused this major conflict between the northern and southern states was the half oppressionRead MoreSlavery 1680-18601039 Words   |  5 Pagescommodities and traded. With slavery came empowerment to the white man and land ownership and all rights and freedom for Native Americans, poor whites, African Americans, and women diminish substantially in America. Americas growing settlements and colonies were completely dependent on slave labor and were growing fast because of it. America’s freedom was stripped during slavery due to the high dependency on African American slave trade. With the up rise of revolts and anti slavery acts, the colonies feelRead MoreTime Line 21050 Words   |  5 Pagesinstitution of slavery from the Colonial Period to the 1860s. | 1860-1865 | Slavery was necessary to southern colonists after the introduction of the cotton gin. The cotton gin was a way to make cotton worth a lot but the machine required a lot of manual labor which brought along the plantation system. Prior to the cotton gin slave trade was done most by the New England colonies, this was called â€Å"Triangle Trade (Wikipedia, n.d.).† | 2) The socio-cultural impact of the abolitionist movement including:Read MoreSarah and Angelina Grimke: Influential Abolitionists Essay example755 Words   |  4 PagesSarah and Angelina Grimke Period 3 12/12/12 Sarah and Angelina Grimke were the first Southern women to become influential abolitionist, which spoke on the end of slavery; as well as social and political equality for freedmen and women as well. The Grimke sisters stretched the boundary of women’s public role, by giving speeches to audiences with men and women, and by speaking in front of a state legislature about African American rights. Sarah and Angelina broke many of the social and politicalRead MoreFree And The Home Of The Brave1394 Words   |  6 Pages America’s particular brand of freedom is something that has been in a constant state of evolution since the days of the revolution. Freedom in North America has also evolved over the centuries of colonization beginning with Columbus. By looking at US history, beginning with Columbus’ landing and the subsequent Spanish colonization, through British colonialism to the birth of America and beyond, we can see that freedom has changed depending on who is i n power over the land. This is important becauseRead MoreThe Civil War Of The Southern And Southern States1443 Words   |  6 Pages The northern states were not supportive of slavery in comparison to their southern counterparts. Although slavery was a major cause of the split between the north and south, it was not the only reason. The economic status, cultural activities and the position on state rights were also factors contributing to the division among the states. Slavery was a major issue that divided the northern and southern states. In this paper, the focus is on slavery as the divisive factor of the division of theRead MoreFrederick Douglass Speeches1099 Words   |  5 PagesFrederick Douglass was an anti-slavery activist in the 19th century that was born a slave, left for England and returned to United States a free man. Called the â€Å"father of the civil rights movement†. He has written speeches that transformed the civil rights movement from before the Civi l War and to this present day. He influenced the rise of organizations including women’s group and African American groups to fight for their rights as citizens of the United States. July 4, 1852, Frederick DouglassRead MoreSlavery And Jim Crow Laws1613 Words   |  7 Pagesyou are in a sense cursed with the burdens of   systematic oppression and racism.   Slavery and Jim Crow Laws were created by white supremacist to maintain power and authority as they sought out to rule over any and all minority groups they consider inferior to the white race. Fortunately, leaders of the black race have made tremendous strides in their efforts to level out the playing field between the two races.   The rise of abolitionism is were the journey for equality began with black political theoristRead MoreThomas Jefferson and the Meanings of Liberty856 Words   |  4 Pagesunlike the mainstream ideals of their time, both men held strong ideals of equality. Franklin did at the end of his life reverse his ideas about African Americans, and dedicated many of his later years to equality for blacks. Jefferson also believed slavery to be an atrocious blot on the face of America. Th eir strong opinions of equality resonate in today’s world but were not considered the correct morals in their time. 2. a.) The conspiracy between Jefferson and his affair with Sally Hemings, hisRead MoreThe Dred Scott Decision, And Abraham Lincoln1511 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the early 17th century slavery was being practiced in the South for over 350 years. They were forced to work the production of tobacco, crops, and later cotton. When the cotton grin was evented in 1793 along with the growing demand product in Europe. The slaves had become a use to the South and it formed a foundation for their economy. Going into the late 18th century there were problems with slavery and they are the abolitionist movement, the Missouri Compromise, the Dred Scott Decision

Comparing Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby and Eliots The Love...

Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby and Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock The Roaring Twenties bring to mind a generation of endless partying, which reflected very little of the morals of the generations preceding it. The world, for that generation, was fast-paced and thoroughly material, crowded with bizarre and colorful characters like David Belasco and Arnold Rothstein. Inspired by this eras spiritually exhausted people (Brians), F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and T. S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock address many of the same themes in attempting to restore the lost generation. In developing these themes, both authors utilize weather, the concept of illusion versus reality and the direction of†¦show more content†¦The main difference between Gatsby and Prufrocks illusions is that Prufrock recognizes that a fog is obscuring his vision and he accepts that, but Gatsby thinks that the past that he sees through the mist is reality for him. Consequently, both Gatsby and J. Alfred have problems confronting reality. As each story begins, both are satisfied to avoid reality all together. J. Alfred wishes to spend his evening, like a patient etherized upon a table (Eliot 708), rather than to tell his female companion how he feels. In Gatsbys youth, he is also content that, ...these reveries...were a satisfactory hint of the unreality of reality (Fitzgerald 105). Gatsby therefore prefers the imaginary world over the real one. The two men are also quite uncomfortable with what their realities hold for them. J. Alfreds anxious mind is revealed when he questions, Should I...have the strength to force the moment to its crisis (711). This man is very troubled over what he might lose. Similarly, Gatsby is quite overwhelmed with how his dream has progressed when it is noted, ...the expression of bewilderment had come back into Gatsbys face, as though a faint doubt had occurred to him as to the quality of his present hap piness (101). Gatsby is almost frightened by the chain of events he has set forth. In denial, both men use the excuse of time to avoid lifes confrontations. J.Show MoreRelatedComparing Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby and Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock661 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Gatsby and Love Song of Alfred J. Prufrock nbsp; So often, it seems, life can seem like a patient etherized on the table (Eliot, 3). Be it the apparent futility of existence as a whole, or the insecurity of those single moments of doubt; life is often fleeting. I believe life is best described as a fickle beast, always elusive; always turning down some new and unexpected road. This fleeting life is what both Jay Gatsby of nbsp;The Great Gatsby and Alfred J. Prufrock of Love SongRead MoreAnimation of a Statue2268 Words   |  9 PagesNothing gives one person so great advantage over another, as to remain always cool and unruffled under all circumstances. -- Thomas Jefferson The Roaring 20’s are often viewed as an era of reverie and true American spirit. But, like the Gilded Age, the exuberance was superficial and fleeting. In revealing the progression of Jordan Baker’s character through the motif of her complex demeanor, F. Scott Fitzgerald illuminates the theme of authenticity in The Great Gatsby. Presenting Ms. Baker’s image

Case Study Grunfolds

Question: Describe about the complete risk management strategy to support the implementation of Grunfolds? Answer: Executive Summary Risk management is essential for any project Grunfolds World of Water Pumps is running their business successfully for years. Now they are expanding their business across the continents. So, they needs an integrated sales and manufacturing process, number of decision making approaches to analyze the performance of their business. Thus they are interested in implement an ERP system for their business. ERP systems can be proven beneficial for their business but they need to implement it properly and manage the project well. As a part of their project management they will need to build and follow some risk management process along with the project management process. There are several critical risk factors behind the project and organization, an efficient risk management should uncover those risk factors and associated risks. (Frenkel, Dufey, Hommel, Rudolf, 2005) Introduction Project management needs lots of resources and tasks to be completed within some stipulated time frame. It is not possible to foresee the risks in a project that may come in future. Hence, it needs a parallel risk management process. Regarding project schedule, cost and other resources there may be different types of risk. Risk management is the process of identifying risks, assessing those and finally following the risk management strategies developed from the risk assessment. There may be some risks that are called residual risks and these are harder to ignore. But a proper risk management strategy can optimize the impact of the risk on the project. Risk management process can be reactive or proactive. In this report, it will focus on proactive risk management. In project management and risk management, a risk is represented by a calculation of probability of occurrence of the risk as an outcome of the negative consequences that may occur in the project. So, in case of quantitative risk assessment, it calculates a risk as a function of its impact (represented as loss of revenue from the outcomes of the risk, if it happens) and the probability of occurring of the risk or likelihood of the risk. Now a risk creates hazards when it occurs, but a proactive safeguarding can reduce the amount of hazard from the risk. (McNeil, Frey, Embrechts, 2010) For any project there is a dedicated team of professional called project management team. Other than that there are some organization, staffs of those organization etc. that are also connected to the project. A risk can come from inside of a project team, organization or from outside of the organization. In any case it may harm the project. A risk coming from within the organization is called internal risk and a risk coming from outside of the organization is called external risk. In risk assessment both should be classified and assessed. In risk management process for some project, it should identify the internal risks of the project, prioritize those risks and do risk assessment. There may be different types of internal risks to a project. Such as financial solvency of the organization, availability of resources including staffing, equipment etc. There may be issues with personnel and their availability. For an information system related project like Grunfolds World of WaterPumps ERP implementation project additional internal risks may be associated with availability of IT resources like systems, applications, software, supply of electricity etc. Understanding and management of internal risks is necessary for a business because these risks are harder to find out. Generally internal project risks are stemmed from the organization, its structure, culture, policies, rules, decisions, behaviors, processes, actions etc. There may be many forms of internal risks. But in most of the cases these risks are associated to human behavior. Thus it is hard to manage. There are several hidden factors behind human behaviors and these factors controls the internal risks to some significant extent. Some of these hidden factors are, human beliefs, values, mental models etc. Predicting these factors earlier and making decisions based on those, is problematic. Thus estimation of prioritization will be also difficult. (Barber, 2005) All these risks tends to be unreliable and subjective. So, the characteristics of internal risks that makes those important to consider are, These risks are very common. Those can effect projects significantly and there are various human and hidden factors behind such risks. In most of the cases, the management of these internal risks are not very efficient and sometimes it leads to poor risk management. The maturity, culture, structure etc. of the project organization plays pivotal role behind internal risks. Internal risks are intangible and herder to be quantified. Using quantitative risk management process, it is harder to manage those risks easily. Describing, classifying and assessing such risks are very difficult. Sometimes organization overlook such risks without even understanding the significance of these risks. Some organization and project management teams considers internal risks with human factors as simple waste of time. Thus it leads to poor risk management. In this report, there will be discussion on different risk management models, risk registers and risk assessment. Risk Assessment Risk assessment is the process of identifying, evaluating and estimating the levels of risks that are associated to some project. The assessment is carried out by comparing the risks and outcomes against some benchmarking and determinants for the risk levels. In project management, risk assessment covers up the quantitative and qualitative value assessment of the risks. In project management there may be two types of risks positive risks and negative risks. Positive risks are considered as opportunities and the negative risks are considered as threats. Risk assessment process determines the impact of risks in either quantitatively or qualitatively. In Quantitative risk assessment process it required calculation of probability of risk and the cost for the risk. Cost is the magnitude of losses from the occurrence of the risk. An acceptable risk is a risk that is tolerated because the cost of implementation of the countermeasure of the risks is beyond the expected losses from the risk or the difficulty of implementing the countermeasures for the risks is high. Internal Project Risks As it has been already said, internal project risks come from inside of the organization. It can come from human and non-human factors related to the project. In the context of internal risk assessment for Grunfolds World of WaterPumps, we need to consider the organization, its span, the structure, culture, staffing, business processes and the ERP implementation project. The significant internal risks are, The structure of the organization The structure of the organization is spanned over multiple geographically separated locations beyond the boundaries of country and continent. Management of such an organization and implementation of an integrated ERP system across the organization connecting sales, procurement, business analytics etc. is a challenging work. The head quarter of the company is in Australia. Currently the business has expanded to China and planning to move to third world country like India. Each of the business sites has its own sales and manufacturing plants. ERP is a centralized and integrated system that integrates the business processes and IT for an organization. Business processes can range from CRO, SCM, HR, Business analytics, Finance, Accounts and many more. Now, in the current scenario the organization, there will be multiple business processes at each of these business sites. Integration of those will be difficult. The project management team have to identify business processes at each site, analyze those. This will be a time consuming process. Thus there are chances of schedule slippage, cost overrun etc. for extended and lengthy system analysis process. (A.M., E., F., V., M.A., 2000) Case Study This case study is a successful implementation of ERP (SAP) at a multi-national pharmaceutical company. The company has more than 100 thousands staffs and during 2004 (during the ERP implementation) the yearly turnover was $25 billion. There are multiple secondary sites of the business at multiple remote geographical location and there is a central site acting like the headquarter for the business. ERP was implemented at the secondary sites already, the business wanted to implement ERP at the primary site. The scope of the project was integrating business processes like manufacturing, procurement, planning, sales and distribution, engineering, finance, quality control management for the local secondary business sites. As a part of the project, their SAP implementation was supposed to roll out to their all business sites within next 5 years. There were total 18 secondary sites. The project leadership was given on the global core team, local project team and local steering committees. The project managers were chosen from the local sites and the team was available to the project for 18 months with a 100% availability rate. Around 40 to 70 people in the team were chosen locally and rest 45 people were in the core team. The core team was responsible to go to the local sites and working in the rolling out process there. This was independent of the IT organization. (Carton, Adam, Sammon, 2008) This case is an example of successful ERP implementation and they followed different best practices of the PMBOOK framework. The case study is an example of good project governance. This is very much needed for a multi-level and multi-site organization that is spanned globally. The structure of the project governance ensures that the ERP implementation was focused on reducing the possibilities of schedule slippage, delay, lack of direction etc. as a result the risks from these factors were also reduced significantly. In this case the structure of the organization helped in making decisions wuckly and wisely. This the possibilities of the risks were eliminated at the first place. This case sturdy is also an example of how good project team should be. They had given importance to all local and global sites and made those sited involved in the project. (Carton, Adam, Sammon, 2008) This case study have been selected because, there are some similarities in the organizational structure between the company in the case study and the Grunfolds World of water pumps. Hense, in terms of building project team or project governance the Grunfolds can have lessons from this ERP implementation success case study. Semi-autonomous business processes at different sites Because of the organizational structure of the organization. Different business sites at different locations runs as semi autonomous business units. At each of the semi-autonomous business units, there will be different managerial, sales, HR, manufacturing processes. Also all sites does not manufacture same products, because in different geographical locations the market for the products differ, for example, in a third world country like India, the market for green water pump is not very developed yet. Now, ERP will integrated all the business processes of different sites into a unified and centrally controlled business process. Thus, many of the business sites will require reengineering of their current business processes to fit into the ERP. So, reengineering of the business processes will need good change control management otherwise there are several risks like employee resistance, incompatibility with legacy systems, cost, time, lack of co-operation from management, lack of support from end users etc. (Valverde, 2012) Also, the company is focused on value added services and products to the customers. Thus there will be differences among customers at different geographical locations. So their requirements and choices will also be different. The centralized ERP system implementation will need to consider all such cases. (Al-Shamlan Al-Mudimigh., 2011) Sales and procurement processes The company has some unique sales and procurement process. It procures raw material from Korea, china etc. so that the costing for the raw materials are reduced. The sales is done in different countries also. Thus there is no centralized system for sales and procurement across different business sites. There are separated and legacy information systems at different business sites that deals with the sales and procurements at those locations. Now the company wants to have a central sales and procurement management system, a centralized decision making system that will allow them to analyze sales of a product at different locations, demands of the same etc. For that purpose, the ERP implementation will need to integrate all sales and procurement processes from different sites to a single and central systems. Now this task is significantly difficult. Because, the sales data at different legacy systems at different sites will have different formats. So, fetching those data, cleaning those and storing the same is a time consuming process. But this is necessary for implementation of decision making processes in the ERP implementation. (Leon, 2008) Diversity in organizational culture at different sites Each of the business sites of Grunfolds World of water pumps have diversity in their organization structures and cultures. For example, there may be different types of organizational structures at different sites. And the cultures at different sites will be different because the workforce at different countries will belong from different background, each country will have their own culture and the people will follow that. Thus there will be diverse range of organizational structure and culture. ERP is not just an information system. It integrates business with IT. And business process consists of human factors as well. As it has been already said, behind internal risks in projects, these human factors play critical roles.(Grabski, Leech, Lu, 2001) There may be different kind of risks like, communication gap between the management and the workforce, lack of participation of the users, fear of losing their jobs due to the ERP implementation etc. Organizational structure can be changes in an easier way than the culture. Because culture is more related to the beliefs and behaviors of the humans. Also there are high chances that, after enjoying years of semi-autonomous control, the management and staffs at different business sites may not be willing to changes of the business processes and control. So there may be chances of rising issues with lack of support and participation of management, employee resistance etc. (Epstein Buhovac, 2006) Internal controls and policies Each organization have its own set of internal policies and controls to manage its business processes. Organizational culture and structure plays and important role in making and implementing these controls. So there are chances that there will be different sets of internal policies and control at different business units. In the ERP implementation project at Grunfolds World of WaterPumps, there are risks that may rise from mismatches among the internal policies and control across the business units and implementation of the same at different units. Other than the internal rules and policies there may be many other changes on those due to governmental rules and norms in different countries. For example, there are different kind of labor rules at different country. Based on those the business units at different countries will customize their business controls. (DARPG, 2011) Managerial and Administrative issues There are huge chances of managerial risks in the project. Because, it will need participation of all management representatives from different business units, departments and headquarters. Now, according to the basic structure of the company. Each of the business unit manages their operation in their own way till now. On the other hand, each of the business units have sales and manufacturing units. Essentially there are different kinds of management for the same business process across the country. There are chances that there may be frictions among the opinions of the management from different business units, lack of co-operation and participation from them in the project. (Iskanius, 2009) Another risk in communication gap between the workforce and the management, between low level management and top level management. For example, the management across the business sites may not welcome the central control through ERP from the headquarter, because they are habituated with the other way. So there may be communication gap and that can harm the project. On the other hand, projects like ERP implementation, business process reengineering etc. creates confusion and fear about the job loss among the employees. Employees tends to resist the change. This is basic human nature. The management should handle this internal issue very carefully through proper meeting and communication with the employees. (Isaca, 2009). Risk Register A useful tool used in risk management for projects, is called a risk register. It can also be used for compliances with the risks in a project. In case of project and risk management, a risk register is similar to a risk repository. It holds information about all risks that have been identified and details about each risk. For an organization the risk register includes, each risk, its impact, probability of occurrence, mitigation method etc. (Hopkin, 2014) The risk register for the internal risks identified in case of Grunfolds World of WaterPumps are, Risk Event Probability of Occurrence Impact Mitigation Lack of funding Low Lack of funding may have severe negative impact on the project. As an outcome of this risk, the project may get delayed or even stopped. The mitigation process for the risk is, analysis of business process requirement, project planning, and cost-benefit analysis very carefully from the beginning of the project. (Wallace Keil, 2004) Schedule slippage Medium As a result of the schedule slippage the whole project plan may breakdown. And there may be serious consequences like wastage of effort and funding, lack of resources etc. This can also delay the project or in extreme case, the project may stop. The countermeasures for this risks can be planning and scheduling the project very carefully. There should be a proper risk assessment and risk management process. It will help to carry on the project successfully by revealing the risks before those happen. Employee resistance High Employee resistance can impact a project very badly. It can delay the project, the ERP implementation may fail to capture the business requirements properly as there may be lack of participation of end users. Thus the ERP system may not be even used by the employer. As the result the business process will suffer and there will be loss of lots of revenue. It needs proper change control management, communication with the employees etc. Employees need to be assured about the security of their job, they should get answer for all of their queries about the project. (Wallace Keil, 2004) Lack of communication across the business sites High Lack of communication may delay the project, the ERP system may not be developed properly thus there will be wastage of money and effort. There should be proper communication plan and it should be implemented well. Communication in a project movement is very serious issue thus it should be handled very carefully. Managerial issues High It may delay the project, even may stop the project. The organization should have a strong organization structure and administration to deal in such cases. Lack of resources Medium Lack of resources can delay the project, needs more cost. Proper use of resources is needed through resource planning and usage strategy. Mismatches in internal controls High It may delay the project, even may stop the project. There should be a proper change control and risk management framework and process to deal with such cases. Mismatches in data, information system etc. Very High It may delay the project. This is a technical issue thus it needs good technical support from professional to handle the issue in the best possible way. Thus the risk management strategy in case of Grunfolds will have the following process, Analysis of risks Classification of risks Assessment of risks Monitoring and controlling of risks Application of counter measures to deal with the risks. Summary In this report, the risk management process have been discussed in detailed by focusing on the risk management in the ERP implementation project at Grunfolds World of WaterPumps. In the process, the internal risks factors and risks are mainly discussed. During the risk identification process, six risk factors and corresponding risks have been identified. Then a risk assessment process using risk register have been used to summarize the risks, impacts of the risks, probability of occurrence and possible mitigation policies. Grunfolds World of WaterPumps will be beneficial if they follow the risk management process described in the report. It will help them to uncover and understand the risks associated with the ERP project and save from severe losses from the risks. (Hopkin, 2014) References A.M., A., E., C., F., C., V., L., M.A., R. (2000). Analysis of external and internal risks in project early phase. Al-Shamlan, H. M., Al-Mudimigh., A. S. (2011). he Chang management strategies and processes for successful ERP implementation: a case study of MADAR. International Journal of Computer Science, 431-435. Barber, R. B. (2005). Understanding internally generated risks in projects. International Journal of Project Management, 23, 584590. Carton, F., Adam, F., Sammon, D. (2008). Project management: a case study of a successful ERP implementation. International Journal of Managing Managing, 106-124. DARPG. (2011). Internal Control and Risk Management Framework: Volume 1. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2006). The Reporting of Organizational Risks for Internal and External Decision-Making. CMA. Frenkel, M., Dufey, G., Hommel, U., Rudolf, M. (2005). Risk Management: Challenge and Opportunity. Springer . Grabski, S. V., Leech, S. A., Lu, B. (2001). Risks and Controls in the Implementation of ERP Systems. The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 47-68. Hopkin, P. (2014). Fundamentals of Risk Management. Kogan Page Publishers. Isaca. (2009). The Risk IT Practitioner Guide. Isaca. Iskanius, P. (2009). The ERP Project Risk Assessment A case study. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2009. Leon, A. (2008). Enterprise Resource Planning. McGraw-Hill. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2010). Quantitative Risk Management: Concepts, Techniques, and Tools. Princeton University Press. Valverde, R. (2012). Information Systems Reengineering for Modern Business Systems. IGI Global. Wallace, L., Keil, M. (2004). Software Project Risks and their effect on Outcomes. Communication of the ACM , 68-73.

Role of American Woman In a Puritan Society Essays -

Derek Borgsteede AML 2010 Benton Role of Women in a Puritan Society Women have long been thought as inferior to men. Some see this as a problem, some don?t. In a puritan society, women are looked upon as not as servants but something not far from it. The same purpose is disposed upon them as any other woman in the society. Their sole purpose is to serve their husbands and bear children. In Hawthorn?s journal and the transcript of Ann Hutchinson?s trial, this is the sole guideline everyone uses against women. Not a very exciting life it would seem, and to some women it was absolutely preposterous. Unfortunately women were not allowed to really ?think outside the box.? This has always been the reason that women were never used for anything outside their expertise. Most women lived happy and content lives running a household with their husbands handling everything else. The thought to rebel against these principles did not occur to most, but there were a few who decided to overstep their bounds and push for new rights in this society. Ann Hutchinson was one of these few. She was, for her time and place, canny and dicey in a way which allowed her to challenge men in a way they are not used to. Her replies to every accusation Hawthorn throws her way would have humbled any modern judge. How does this not completely countermand what he says when Hutchinson states, ?What law have I broken (Winthrop and Hutchinson. p30) Winthrop naively replies, ?Why the Fifth Amendment.?(Winthrop and Hutchinson. p30) This could not possibly be true when she is being charged with crimes under the church not the state and Hawthorn has no right to deal punishment for that cause. This all comes down to Hawthorn?s prejudice view of women not being credible so he just decides to make up his own rules to make sure Hutchinson is found guilty. Despite her shrewdness and her ability to countermand all accusations against her, she was still denied any right to truly defend herself all because of the fact that she was a woman and to most men, not credible to anything she said. Winthrop, who was governor of her colony at the time, would not listen to the true and crafty defense she set before them in court only because the simple fact that, again she was a woman and not to be deemed accountable for anything she said. Had she had been a man in that courtroom and said the same defense, she would have been most likely judged innocent even though the reason she was in that courtroom was the fact that she was a woman! Some women were not bothered by the daily ordeal of serving their husbands and bearing his children. They understood that men should be held on a higher stage because a woman could not accomplish the things that men do. Little did they know is the fact that woman are actually capable of many things that men would have almost no chance at accomplishing. Yet they did live happy enough lives, it?s not that woman were treating horribly, it?s just the fact that they had no right to an opinion and most of their judgment was not seen as accurate. To say that women were not as intelligent as men would be a jest. Franklin?s story of ?The Speech of Miss Polly Baker? clearly proves that women could easily outsmart men when pressed. She makes vital points to the court that precisely supports her cause though it has already been lost. She sarcastically states, ?But take it into your wise consideration, the great and growing number of bachelors in the country.? She really strikes a nerve with ever ything she refers to with this statement. She lays it down for the court that she should be seen as doing a great service for supplying this new country with new sons and daughters. This brilliant piece of work may not have been true but it definitely struck the core of the stupidity of men back then. Most women did not strive to gain freedoms they were long denied. They knew that women deserved to have more rights but did not openly