Germania: Tacitus’ Perceptions of Pax Romana Rome Essay -- Roman Histo

Germania Tacitus Perceptions of Pax Romana Rome While the early 2nd century is usually considered to be the height of the Roman empire, closer examinations reveal a deteriorating state hiding behind a faade of power and wealth. As modern day historian C. Warren Hollister described, life in Romes palmy age could be pleasant enough if one were male, adult, very wealthy, and naturally immune to non-homogeneous epidemic diseases. But if this was humanitys happiest time, God help us all (14). Living during this time period, Cornelius Tacitus perceived of the rust slowly consuming by Romes golden shine. He writes, the destinies of the Empire have passed their zenith, predicting the end of an era 300 years before it occurred (33). He makes this conclusion based on observations of a deterioration of loyalty to the Empire due to weakened patriotism and societal values. His criticisms on the flaws of the Empire are interwoven into the text of his Germania, some beingness obvious while others are more discreet. Written in 98 AD, Germania is a description of barbarian lifestyle and culture that Tacitus compiled from different accounts and sources. What makes it a sanely unreliable historical source is that Tacitus interjects the text with his own opinions about the Empire. For example, Tacitus cynicism with the supposed power and strength of the Empire is revealed through his descriptions of the strength of the Germans. In this time period, the Empire represented the paragon of strength in a society, but Tacitus immediately brings attention to the hardiness and unity of the Germans in their barbaric wasteland. While the Romans enjoyed a cold-temperate Mediterranean climate, the Germans lived in a place where t... ...able and foresees the fall of the Western Empire three centuries years later. He even says that the Empire was still standing because the Germans were similarly busy fighting each other, and that Fortune can guarantee us nothing better than discord among our foes (33). Tacitus insight on the weaknesses of the Empire during its so-called golden age should press modern readers to re-evaluate preconceptions of the Pax Romana. Although Germania may paint a biased picture of the Germans living at the time period, Tactius work is valuable because of the elicit perceptions it conveys. Works CitedHollister, C. Warren. Medieval Europe A Short History. 8th ed. Boston McGraw Hill, 1998.Tacitus. Dialogus, Agricola, Germania. Trans. Maurice Hutton. London Heineman, 1914. IN Readings in Medieval History. 2nd ed. Ed. Patrick J. Geary. Toronto Broadview, 1997.

Reasons Why the Stock Market Crashed

Dear Corrupt Government, It has come to your attention of the trey factors that brought on the post market crash of 1929. This is a very of the essence(p) anaesthetise to me and i believe the three main agents as to what cause the stock market to crash. One reason is buying on margin. The second reason is the govt creating easy money. The last reason the stock market crashed was stocks being priced hired than actual value. I hope you will consider my position on the issue and as well as the rest of my essay. The first reason I believe the stock market crashed was buying on margin.This let a ken of people essenti wholey borrow money from stock brokers. In the expression What caused the wall street crash of 1929 they said buying on margin unfold people to owe a lot of money from losing money in stocks. The article also mentions that this resulted in banks closing and going out of business. These are all very most-valuable facts to be considered when answering the question of w hat caused the stock market to crash. The second reason I believe the stock market crashed was the govt faking an economic rise.In the article The Great Depression it said that the govt created a fake boom through easy money and credit which was followed by a huge bust. This is then how the stock market crashed from all the fake economic rise. In addition, the low interest rates and low rates to buy on margin both do share holders want more stocks because they were so cheap. I believe these facts to be considered when choosing the three reasons of why the stock market crashed. The third reason why i feel the stock market crashed was the stocks being sold for much higher than they are worth.This meant a lot of people lost money and a a few(prenominal) gained a lot of money. In addition, this meant that people who bought on margin where owing stock brokers a lot of money they didnt even have to start make with. In the article Black Tuesday it says stocks lost more than $26 zillion in value and over 30 million shares and later $30 billion being lost from selling worthless stocks at a high price. This is why the stock market crashed. I also consider these facts to be important to making the decision of the three reasons why the stock market crashed.Surprisingly, a lot of the reasons are tied together in some focus as I had mentions before. So, Corrupt Government, I wish for you to consider my argument i have shown you today in this letter i am writing to you. I hope my arguments are important to you in your decision of figuring out what the three reasons are for the stock market crashing in 1929. Let me repeat that my three reasons for the stock market crashing are buying on margin, creating a fake boom, and stocks being sold at higher prices than valued. I trsut you will see these this way as well. Thank you for your time.

Boys&Girls Club

The Boys & Girls Club has opened my eyes to many opportunities. This is a safe attribute where parents can drop off their squirtren or child when they have to go to work. Every day after school I go the Boys & Girls and I have so many things I could do. Such as playing sports in the gym, and even swim in the indoor swimming pool. The Boys &Girls association has a teen center where I invariably have person to talk to like friends, counselors, even staff members.I have been a member of the Boys & Girls club since the third grade. I used to like coming to the club alone now I love it even more. The club is where I can study and do my homework. I have many interests Im obscure with such as the torch club, mentoring, and previously in apprentice. These activities military service me get involved with the community as I grow up. For example the torch club helps me keep the earth clean by recycling, helping the elderly, and giving food and other items needed by people.The mentoring program helps me improve my learning skills for any subject. They help with homework, tests, quizzes, and have fun with you like a best friend. The club means a lot to me as you can see and Im more or less sure other kids think the same way. I think I am very lucky to be part of the club. I will always keep the club in my heart because their like my second family. I have been a member for 5 years and I think this place is sweet. The club is a great place to be. Thats what the Boys & Girls club means to me.

History Ia (Ib) on Russo-Japanese War and Its Effect on the 1905 Revolution Essay

Russia during the 19th century was considered to be the mystical charge of the Great Tsars and Tsarinas. It long held the imagination of visitors and storytellers alike from its grand courts and palaces to its superb Caviar, Vodka and Faberge eggs. Russia was also the land of magic and superstition callable to the powerful presence of the Russian Orthodox Church. But life for the most of Russia was non as starry and glamorous as described above.In fact the oppressive autocratic system was still living in the medieval age with poor peasant and serfs slaving for whatever scant(p) their rich masters would allow them. Most Russians lived in abject poverty and oppression and had little chance to advance. Russia was also the last to start its rise as an industrial power and relied of importly on the agrarian industry. Russia previously famed military now laid idle and ill trained to fight redbrick battles. Unknown to the Tsar and Russia the world has long left Russia in the rotten me dieval age and had moved on.During the first half of the 20th century witnessed about repercussion in the mindset of the Russian bourgeois towards the oppressive Tsardom. The first strike came in 1905 through a revolution. Several factors contributed towards this revolution among them special acknowledgement is to be given for the Russo Japanese war. Through this essay I am attempting to dig out the possible connection between the war and the conversion of 1905. The Russo-Japanese war was from 1904-1905, it was caused due to Japans and Russias desire for expansion and dominance in Korea and Manchuria.Russia suffered many defeats in this war, against a nation that was considered inferior and was not one of the Great Powers. This humiliated the people of Russia who were a proud group of people who always believed to fight to the last man and never give up. This loss caused them to lose confidence in Tsar Nicholas II and created great military, scotch, and political problems for Russia. This caused the Russo-Japanese contend to be partly responsible for the outbreak of the vicissitude of 1905.Huge military defeats in the Russo-Japanese War, which outlined the impuissance of the military once famed for its excellent discipline and technologically weapons such as the moisan nagant resulted in national humiliation, thus contributing to the outbreak of the 1905 Revolution. An example of such a defeat was in January 1905 when the Army surrendered Port Arthur even though they had enough food and ammunition for 3 more months, this is was a great delight for Russia as surrender is against Russia military doctrine till date. This is believed to be because of the divide in the commanders of Port Arthur.They had taken Port Arthur at start of the war due to a treaty made with China. Anformer(a) example of the failure of the military was at the Battle of Tsushima. The Russian Baltic fleet had sailed from Northern Europe to the cold East to help the Defenders of Por t Arthur only to be defeated by the Japanese navy. The brutal destruction of Russians military added to the Revolution of 1905, as it made the people of Russia aware of the weakness of their military and made them ashamed to be Russian as Russia was the first European nation to lose a battle to any Asian country.They were losing to a nation very few had heard of and though to be inferior. However, many of the defeats to the Russian military occurred after the Revolution had started, not create its outbreak, but added to the opposition to autocratic curb by the Tsar. The Russo-Japanese War also brought about significant economic problems to Russia, and this and so meant there was a significant lack of funds to solve any other problems, which were present Russia, hence partly being responsible for the outbreak of the Revolution of 1905. The war cost a massive amount of money.As it resulted in failure no money could be gained from the invaded territories. Russia had already had ec onomic problems, and its economy was still far dirty dog that of other European Nations. Further more the lack of funds meant that Tsar could not do anything about the living and working conditions in Russia, or the problems in the rural areas of Russia. Also the economic problems brought about shame for all Russians and by Russias being unable to solve any of its other problems due to financial constraints were also responsible for the 1905 revolution.The political implications of the Russo-Japanese War perhaps were the most important power as to why this war is considered to be responsible for the outbreak of the Revolution of 1905. The war was fought in the very far eastern reaches of the country, far away from where the majority of the population lived, and they must have tangle removed from it, especially as news was still slow to travel, as Russia did not use modern methods of communication. There was therefore little public enthusiasm for the war. Many people felt there w as little justification for it public opinion was not on the side of the war.Moreover, the military was very ill equipped for the war and was malnourished and did not have the appropriate technology. This showed to the people of Russia the governments failings, and caused people to turn away from the Tsar as a leader and move onto political groups who were lively to take any means necessary action to their aims. The political implications of the Russo-Japanese War helped cause the Revolution of 1905 because the public did not support it and people therefore addled faith in the Tsar and looked in other places to groups that could possibly rule instead of the Tsar.Another reason for the outbreak of the Revolution of 1905 was the growth of opposition groups to the Tsar. These groups stepwise became more organized. The four main groups were the Populists, Social Democrats, Social Revolutionaries and the Liberals. These groups were slowly providing more opposition, in particular the S ocial Revolutionaries. Between 1901 and 1905 this group was responsible for a swan of political assassinations such as that of Plehve, the Minister of the Interior and Grand Duke Sergei.These opposition groups were becoming more widely known and provided an alternative to rule to autocratic rule by the Tsar. Their cause was furthered by the dissatisfactions with the Tsars methods of ruling especially since the news of his wife controlling him and Rasputin controlling her and having sexual relations with her. Another reason for the Revolution of 1905 was the lack of complete reform. It was only through extreme measures that the population of Russia could make their views known to the Tsar.There were no elected parliament and since Alexander lead had passed the Statute of State Security Act and the Zemstva Act barely any percent of the population had any say in the war Russia was governed. Therefore their suppuration dissent caused by offsprings such as the Russo-Japanese War and expressed through opposition groups could only be shown by violence towards the Tsar and his government. The lack of constitutional reform pushed something as extreme as a revolution to occur, as there was no other way for the people to influence the government other than using force.The personality of Nicholas II also added to the outbreak of the Revolution of 1905. Nicholas II did not have the personal qualities necessary to lead Russia. He was said to be quiet, and easily led. He was not at all charismatic and this did energy to be loved by the people of Russia. This lead to the hatred towards the Tsar. Nicholas II had a very narrow, conservative view, partly due to his tutor having been Konstantin who was Slavophil. This meant that he was unable to empathize with the groups that made liberal demands for equality and justice.He did not understand them. Those round him also easily influenced him and he had harbored deep hatred for the Japanese due to an assassination attempt, wh ich eventually lead to the Russo-Japanese War furthered by economic and strategic advantages for Russia. The economic problems in most of Russia were another reason for the outbreak of the Revolution of 1905. Both peasants and the landowners were suffering. Agriculture systems were very backward when compared to that of other countries, as under the Witte system nothing was done to cleanse it.Therefore the land was not cultivated properly, and famines occurred quite regularly. The peasants were free after the Emancipation of Serfs Act in 1861, but they were bound to Mirs and could not leave without permission. Also the redemption payments for the land were very high and still enslaved them. The landowners were also suffering they had lost free labor, and with the selling of the land to the government, many of them were in deep debt. They too were dissatisfied with the Tsar.Nicholas II was unable to help neither the peasants nor the landowners after the Russo-Japanese War money was an issue. The discontent, resulting from these economic issues, in rural areas partly contributed to the event of the Revolution. Another main cause of the Revolution of 1905 was industrializations when factories were made people flocked to the cities Moscow, for example, doubled in population but Living and working conditions were extremely bad and because of this huge population growth it lead to overpopulation and crime. This caused the peasants to hate the Tsar.Industrialization therefore caused deep resentment for the Tsar, and added to the resentment caused by the Russo-Japanese War and the economic problems. Bloody Sunday was a short-term cause of Revolution. It happened when a large group of peaceful protestors under Father Gapon marched to outside the winter palace in St. Petersburg with a petition that would improve their working conditions. Father Gapon, who is believed to be a double agent working for the Okhrana, led the crowd and the Tsar feared he might have switched sides to the Liberals.The Tsar therefore ordered the Cossacks who were the Tsars Personal Guard to open fire upon these demonstrators, and about 300 protestors were killed, including women and children. It was a massacre. It led to wide public outrage, not just from revolutionaries and radical that a peaceful demonstration had led to such an event. After Bloody Sunday, many of the surviving demonstrators were exiled from St. Petersburg. This furthered public outrage, and damaged the Tsars popularity.He was no eight-day trusted and the Bloody Sunday was the spark that ignited the 1905 Revolution. In conclusion, the Russo-Japanese War was certainly a main factor responsible for the outbreak of the Revolution. It caused military, political and distasteful economic problems that contributed to the Revolution. However, many of the events of it such as the defeats, occurred after the Revolution had started. The greatest effects therefore of the Russo-Japanese War occurred after the Revo lution had started, prolonging and worsening it, rather than causing it.There were also many other factors that caused the Revolution, the most important of these being industrialization and the economic trouble. These contributed more to the start of the Revolution than any other factors including the Russo-Japanese War because it exposed a problem that was present in Russia, and by that itself it would have eventually caused the revolution. By itself the Russo-Japanese War would have not been able to be the main cause of the Revolution of 1905. Therefore the Russo-Japanese War was somewhat responsible for the Revolution but not as important as other factors discussed above.

Drama on Social Values

A the Nazarenemas Odyssey By John McNeil Summary A narrator retorts a journey of disc overy into the true meaning of Christmas, with Easter in view. This play was designed as a vehicle for participation by tot on the wholey date groups of a Sunday School, who appear in sequence from youngest to oldest. There are 2 alternate versions of this script. The first- family is written for a S starthern Hemisphere pass Christmas, the second for a Northern Hemisphere winter Christmas. Script 1 vote opineer What does Christmas mean to you? Is it a family come in-together, a big feed, Father Christmas and al single that?Or what? You know, weve inherited a lot of European customs in our Christmas, perhaps when we should moderate been developing our own style of things. So while picnicking in vociferous sun on the beach, we windlessness sing a song or so a white Christmas, and hunt for mistletoe. Bit silly when you conceive of ab unwrap it, isnt it And subsequently any, if the mid dle of winter is the proper time for Christmas, then maybe thats when we should occupy ours? Its a thought. choir(Starts recounting in background) bank clerk But on that points always 1 thing you can count on at Christmas, and thats carols.Used to sing them myself once when I was a kid. How did they go? (Hums to himself. )Away in a manger, no trot for a bed. Yes, something corresponding that. (Finishes off write of carol. ) gathering of children(Pre-schoolers they wander on) vote counter Kids I think kids were made for Christmas. Its in truth their time, with all the goodies we pile on them. split up and lots of goodies. (Turns to group)What does Christmas mean to you? ( vote counter asks several questions, such as, Whats the first thing you do Christmas morning? Where do you go for Christmas? Did you ask Santa for anything special? etc. After they take a crap given their answers, cashier suggests they go and sit in a corner, and pretend theyre opening their Christm as stocking, quietly acting step forward what they hope to discovery inside. ) Its a here and now like watching yourself, isnt it You know, theres something else astir(predicate) Christmas I was going to mention to you, but its slipped my mind for the moment. Itll come back to me. Singing? chorus(5-7 years they send on, singing carol) Narrator(When they have finished singing, asks questions of some of the choir, such as, Who are you singing ab out(p)? Whos he? etc. Finishes with, Where are you going now? ) Choir off to church. Bye bye (They file off. ) Narrator(Turns to group still acting on floor. )Arent you lot going to church too? Group Yes. Come on, lets go. (They get up, look to see if anyones watching, and give way off playing with toys. ) Narrator I guess church is different things to different hatful. Jesus? I k saucily Id heard the ready before. His birthday or something. I wonder what sort of birthday he had. What would it have been like to be there then? Animal s(7-10 years. File on, chattering among themselves.Perhaps a donkey, cow, goat, sheep, dog, etc. They have just been in the manger when Jesus was born, and now they regularise each other what they think of Jesus, looking at it from an animals point of view. ) Choir(At rear, sing Away in a Manger quietly. ) Family(Four children in congo line. When the animals have finished their discussion, the family comes on, honking, making other car noises, and comments such as why cant we find a good place for a picnic? Did you bring your swimming costume? Mummy, can we have lunch now? What are all these animals doing on the road? etc.They tour the stage once, and then exit out front. As they go, one of the animals a lamb is knocked over, and it lies down crying. ) Narrator Hey, youve knocked over a lamb Come back (Goes over to the lamb, and picks it up, carries it down the aisle. Other animals file down in procession after. ) Choir(Enter singing. They do one verse or chorus only. ) Paper boy(Enters, waving papers. )Paper Extra Read all about it Jesus Christ born in Bethlehem. Hit and run driver wounds family pet Read all about it Paper Narrator Thanks, Ill buy one of those. (Paper boy exits. Newsreader(While the voice is reading, choir hums a verse of its song. )Here is the news. The year 1AD was marked instantly by the birth of a baby boy in Bethlehem. Three travelling salesmen offered prizes to the mother, Mary, for having the first baby of the new century, and local farmers have given a years supply of groceries dethaw. Several informants are offering to write biographies of the child, but a prophet named Isaiah claims he already has copyright on the story. King Herod has sent a telegram of congratulations, and says he is planning a special reception for the family ut the parents are understood to have declined the offer. A new song for the event has been written by a local choir of angels. Its selling well, and is expected to top the charts this week. Narra tor Hold on a minute. Whats going on here? Who is this Jesus person bothones talking about? Choir(Starts another verse of song. ) Narrator(Breaks in at end of verse. ) directly hold it You still havent answered my question. Reporter(Enters, explains he is from the local radio station carries a tape recorder. Asks some members of the choir what they think of Christmas, who Jesus is, etc. Choir( Finishes song. As they do, Paper Boy comes back through. ) Paper Boy Extra Extra Jesus Christ born in Bethlehem. Paper Choir(Start to file out after Paper Boy. ) Narrator Hey, where are you all going? Choir(Some members turn back and call out)To worship Jesus. Were going to church, etc. Narrator(Picks up paper, starts looking through it again. ) electric shaver(10-13 years. Same sex as Narrator. Enters carrying a notify. ) Narrator Hello, what have you got there? kid A establish for you. Narrator A present Thats very kind of you, seeing its Christmas. Can I open it now? ( sister smiles an d nods. (Narrator reaches in and takes out a hammer, and two pieces of wood. Comments on each. and then reaches in and takes out a doll dressed in babys clothes. Child takes them all off the Narrator, and cuddles the doll. ) Narrator What is this all about? Why are these things in this sack? Child(Whispers in his ear. ) Narrator Are you sure? Thats in there? (Child smiles and nods. Narrator looks inside again, puzzled. )Who are you? Child Just someone you knew a long time ago, when you were my age. (Child takes the doll, hammer and pieces of wood and sits down to one side of the stage. ) Television crew(Five or six of them.They are making a film, though the audience doesnt know this yet. They enter and act out the scene where the Pharisees come to Pilate and try to get him to indict Jesus. In explaining why they hate Jesus, they should bring out the reasons he is Saviour of the world. ) Produce(Comes on carrying a video camera. )Okay, cut it there. I didnt like that scene. Well tr y it again in a moment. In the meantime, take five. And will the actors for the Crucifixion scene get ready please. (Director exits. ) Choir(Enter and sings. While they sing, the TV crew stand round to one side, pretending to drink cups of coffee.Child academic session with the doll in the corner starts to hammer the two bits of wood together, in between verses. As the choir finishes, the actors break into laughter at a joke. one and only(a) of the actors, laughing, chokes and falls unconscious to the floor. Members of the choir go over and pick him up, carry him out. Rest of the choir file after, singing. When theyve finished, Child finishes hamemring the two pieces of wood, holds the result up so the audience can see it is a cross. Child looks at the Narrator. ) Child Would you do this to a baby? Then why do you do it every day to a grown man? Child goes over to Narrator, drops the doll at his feet, and goes out. Narrator stares at the doll, then bends over it, crying. As Narrat or is bent over, Questioner enters. Narrator looks up at Questioner. ) Questioner Well, what do you think now? Narrator Why did he/she do that? Questioner We all do. Narrator But why did they kill Him? He was such a good man. There was no need for it? (Stands up, picks up sack, throws it over shoulder. )Such a good man, and they killed him. (Starts to go. ) Questioner Where are you going? Narrator To see if I can find out where they took him. Questioner But what have you got in that sack?Narrator A Christmas present. This sack is my life. The Child told me it contains everything that ever happened to me. Questioner keep a minute Dont you see? Thats what Christ died for. So we dont have to carry all our sins around with us. Christ died, but He to a fault rose fromt he dead. Hes alive now, and wants to giveyoulife. Narrator You really mean that? Questioner Of course. 500 populate saw Jesus not long after he rose from the dead, and millions since have turned to him and found that hes still real. He loves you. Let that sack go. Narrator(Looks at sack questioningly, shrugs shoulders and lets it drop. )Hey, youre right.Suddenly theres no load. QuestionerThe Bible says, God loved the world so much, He sent us his only son, Jesus Christ so that whoever believes in him wont die, but will be given everlasting life. Narrator Thats tremendous. Its the best Christmas present I ever had. Youve got to tell me more. (As they exit, Choir and plication sing a further song. ) Script Narrator Christmas What does it mean to you? Is it a family get together, a big feed, Father Christmas and all that? Or what? You know, weve inherited a lot of European customs in our Christmas, maybe we should have been developing our own style of things.Why is it we dont have Christmas in the middle of summer with fireworks and camping and cookouts and . . . we already have a holiday then, dont we. Mens Quartet (Starts singing Deck the Halls in background) Narrator But theres always one thing y ou can count on at Christmas, and thats carols. Used to sing them myself once when I was a kid. How did they go? (Hums to himself. ) Have Congregation sing Good Christian Men Rejoice. Group of children (Pre-schoolers they wander on) Narrator Kids Now that I think of it, kids were made for Christmas. Its really their time, with all the goodies we pile on them.Lots and lots of goodies. (Turns to group) What does Christmas mean to you? (Narrator asks several questions, such as, Whats the first thing you do Christmas morning? Where do you go for Christmas? Did you ask Santa for anything special? etc. After they have given their answers, Narrator suggests they sing a pair off songs (Away in a Manger, ). When they have finished they go and sit in a corner, and pretend theyre opening their Christmas stocking, quietly acting out what they hope to find inside. ) Narrator Its a bit like watching yourself when you were young, isnt it Those were the days . . .You know, theres something else about Christmas I was going to mention to you, but its slipped my mind for the moment. Itll come back to me. ( 5-7 year olds enter dressed as carollers and chatting quietly) Oh yes, Singing Congregation sings Angels from the realms of Glory Choir (5-7 years they file on, singing carol) Have this group do two or deuce-ace songs. Go tell it on the mountain Hark the herald Angels Ring the bells Narrator (When they have finished singing, asks questions of some of the choir, such as, Who are you singing about? Whos he? etc. Finishes with, Where are you going now? Choir Off to Our Christmas program at church. Bye bye (They file off. ) Narrator (Turns to group still acting on floor. ) Arent you guys going to church too? Group Yes. Come on, lets go. (They get up, look to see if anyones watching, and run off playing with toys. ) Narrator I guess Christmas is different things to different people. Jesus? I knew Id heard the name before. It was His birthday or something. I wonder what sort of birthday he had. What would it have been like to be there then? Animals (7-10 years. File on, chattering among themselves. Perhaps a donkey, cow, goat, sheep, dog, etc.They have just been in the manger when Jesus was born, and now they tell each other what they think of Jesus, looking at it from an animals point of view. ) Angels We Have Heard on High O Little Town of Bethlehem A Child is Born Choir (Sing Away in the Manger with congregation) Narrator I wonder what it was like on that morning in Bethlehem. If the people back then were anything like they are today, It must have been an interesting scene. Paper boy (Enters, waving papers. ) Paper Extra Read all about it Jesus born in Bethlehem. Confusion abounds Read all about it Paper Narrator Thanks, Ill buy one of those. Paper boy exits. ) Narrator Here is the news. The year 1AD was marked today by the birth of a baby boy in Bethlehem. Three traveling salesmen offered prizes to the mother, Mary, for having the first baby of the new century, and local merchants have given a years supply of groceries free. Several authors are offering to write biographies of the child, but a prophet named Isaiah claims he already has copyright on the story. King Herod has sent a telegram of congratulations, and says he is planning a special reception for the family but the parents are understood to have declined the offer.A new song for the event has been written by a local choir of angels. Its selling well, and is expected to top the charts this week. Narrator Hold on a minute. This cant be what really happened? Who is this Jesus person everyones talking about? Scripture reading Luke 21-7 Narrator (Breaks in at end of verse. ) Now hold it This still isnt clear to me. No one has really answered my question. Scripture reading Luke 28-20 Paper Boy Extra Extra Jesus Christ born in Bethlehem. Paper (Exits) Choir (Start to file out after Paper Boy. ) Narrator Hey, where are you all going? Choir Were going to worship Jesus.Do you want to come along? Narrator No, I think Ill just read more about it. (Picks up paper, starts looking through it again. ) Scripture reading Luke 221-22,25-38 Child (10-13 years. Enters carrying a sack. ) Narrator Hello, what have you got there? Child A present for you. Narrator A present Thats very kind of you, seeing its Christmas. Can I open it now? (Child smiles and nods. ) (Narrator reaches in and takes out a hammer, and two pieces of wood. Comments on each. Then reaches in and takes out a doll dressed in babys clothes. Child takes them all off the Narrator, and cuddles the doll. Narrator What is this all about? Why did you give me these things? Im not sure a dolls quite my style. There must be something else. Child (Whispers in his ear. ) Narrator Are you sure? Thats in there? (Child smiles and nods. Narrator looks inside again, puzzled. ) Who are you? Child Just someone you knew a long time ago, when you were my age. (Child takes the doll, hammer and pieces of wood and sits do wn to one side of the stage. ) Song (During the song, the Child sitting with the doll in the corner starts to hammer the two bits of wood together, in between verses.As the choir finishes they file out, singing. Child finishes hammering the two pieces of wood, holds the result up so the audience can see it is a cross. Child looks at the Narrator. ) Scripture reading Isaiah 531-12 Child Would you nail a baby to this cross? Then why did they do that to Jesus? (Child goes over to Narrator, Places the doll at his feet, and goes out. (Narrator stares at the doll, then bends over it, confused. As Narrator is bent over, Questioner enters. Narrator looks up at Questioner. ) Questioner Well, what do you think about Christmas now?Narrator ( Still thought about his gift) Why did he/she do that? Questioner He wanted you to understand what Christmas was all about. Its not about presents, packages, trees or tinsel. Not even about carols. Its about God coming to Earth to do something no-one else could do. Narrator But why did they kill Him? He was such a good man. There was no need for it? (Stands up, picks up sack, throws it over shoulder. ) Such a good man, and they killed him. (Starts to go. ) Questioner Where are you going? Narrator To see if I can find out where they took him. Questioner What have you got in that sack?Narrator A Christmas present. This sack is my life. The Child told me it contains everything that Ive ever done wrong or that has ever happened to me. Questioner Wait a minute Dont you see? Thats what Christ came and died for. He wasnt just a good man, He was God in the flesh. Christ died, but He also rose from the dead so we dont have to carry all our sins around with us. Hes alive now, and wants to give you life. Narrator You really mean that? Questioner Of course. 500 people saw Jesus not long after he rose from the dead, and millions since have turned to him and found that hes still real.He loves you. You can let that sack go. Narrator (Looks at sack questioningly, at first cannot drop it, but finally shrugs shoulders and lets it drop. ) Hey, youre right. Suddenly theres no load. But why did God do it that way. I would have done things differently . . . Special Music He Became a man like me Questioner The Bible says, God loved the world so much, He sent us his only son, Jesus Christ so that whoever believes in him wont die, but will be given everlasting life. Narrator Thats tremendous. Its the best Christmas present I ever had. Youve got to tell me more. As they exit, Choir and congregation sing Joy to the world. ) .. John McNeil 1973 All rights reserved This play may be performed free of charge, on the condition that copies are not sold for profit in any medium, nor any entrance fee charged. In exchange for free performance, the author would appreciate being notified of when and for what purpose the play is performed. He may be contacted at emailprotected net. nz Or at 36B Stourbridge St, Christchurch 2, New Zealand.

Le Coq Sportif

Governance of le coq In 2005, a Swiss place buys the brand Le Coq Sportif. Indeed the results of the brands were well below the craved expectations. With the partnership of Sir Robert Louis Dreyfus, a great Swiss businessman who was leader of the group including Adidas, Le Coq sportsmanif sees the opportunity for a fresh start with this strategic alliance for the future. Airesis promptly set up a plan to revive the brand that demonstrates the strong interest of the group to give naked life to this legendary French brand.Here is a chart explaining the governance of the brand Le Coq Sportif since it creation (1882) until the takeover by the Swiss holding Airesis. Few words well-nigh Airesis Historic part HPI Holding AG is a name that sapheaded the industrial history of western Switzerland since 1920, date of creation of the political party. Hermes Precisa International (formerly Plants Paillard) has built its success on the production of typewriters Hermes cognize internationall y. Since 1981, the holding connection HPI has been used as an investment vehicle for investments in new technologies that slang suffered damage in the industry with full force in early 2000.Currently, in that location ar eight entries all together in the sub-holding A2I SA. In 2004, reducing the part value of its deal outs cleaned up the company. A capital increment of the arrival of four participants (the Boards & More group, the group Fidexpert, group and society Ouat Hazard Properties SA). These arrivals have been extraordinary for the group which has re lineaged and a new life HPI Holding AG, which has since bugger off Airesis. The majority sh arholders (Sirs Robert Louis-Dreyfus, Yves Marchand and Marc-Henri Beausire) then set up the new company strategy active management of its investments in private equity and residential property.Today the group owns brands much(prenominal) as * Le Coq Sportif * Fanatic * Ion * North Kite embarkation * North Sails Windsurf Here we are going to explain few words about each brand, because most of them are unknown. Fanatic In 1999, leaving his first kite a board, Fanatic has to believe in this new trend. With its history in windsurfing, the company was able Fanatic showcase its expertise to force its entry into the sport in the making. Ion In spring 2005, Boards & More brand launches Ion.The technical skills of the mark are highlighted in the wet suits, neoprene accessories, harnesses, a range of clothes and carrying bags, all items used in sports on the water. North Kite boarding Kite boarding world leader. North Kite boarding has entered the market in 2001 and became leader. This brand has a very good technical level recognized. North Sails Windsurf The company specializes North Sails sailboat U. S. and world number 1 in this sector. Boards & More has acquired the exclusive license for the sail of surfboards since 1981.Its strategic axis is oriented technique and style. Since deeply 2005, Robert Louis-Dreyfu s, former owner of Addidas and Yves Marchand, who was the boss of the three stripes for France, have gained a foothold in the business and have made roughlywhat good seeds to make 10 million euros through the Swiss investment fund Airesis. And some big marketers have been poached in market heavyweights such as Reebok, Nike, lynx and Quicksilver For example, the arrival of Antoine Sathicq, former CEO of Adidas, which was transferred to the head as general manager of Le Coq Sportif.After joining Adidas in 1997 as director of sales, this former Procter & Gamble, senior 44, joined a new team of Le Coq Sportif establishment since its acquisition by Airesis. A team already marked by the culture of this Adidas Swiss investment funds Airesis is held by Robert Louis-Dreyfus, former CEO of Adidas France, Marc-Henri Beausire and Yves Marchand, former CEO of three stripes. The latter assumed the presidency of Le Coq Sportif, replacing Olivier Jacques, former majority shareholder. Antoine S athicq therefore had the task of launching again the Coq Sportif.Porters Five Forces Sportswear Industry informal Rivalry Fierce ambition Adidas,Reebok, Nike full-blown Industry generally Non-Price op stain Differentiation strategy Threat of New entrants Capital Intensive Strong Brand Following Economies of scale High R & D be Industry in consolidation phase Supplier Power Raw Materials are abundantly available sleazy resources commodity items Cheap labor on the East World. Buyer Power Everything depends on Customer Preferences Price sensitivity issues Growing power of retail chainsSubstitutes * Other types of products from opposite brands * New brands that make the sport more ready to wear high-end (15 Serge Blanco, Eden Park ) * Entertainment brand to substitute to sport activities (Reading, video games) Internal Rivalry Fierce Competition Adidas,Reebok, Nike Mature Industry Mostly Non-Price competition Differentiation strategy Threat of New entrants Ca pital Intensive Strong Brand Following Economies of scale High R & D Costs Industry in consolidation phase Supplier Power Raw Materials are abundantly available Cheap resources commodity items Cheap labor on the East World. Buyer Power Everything depends on Customer Preferences Price sensitivity issues Growing power of retail chains Substitutes * Other types of products from other brands * New brands that make the sport more ready to wear high-end (15 Serge Blanco, Eden Park ) * Entertainment brand to substitute to sport activities (Reading, video games) Explanation 1. Internal Rivalry * Fierce competition In effect in the sportswear industry, there are many competitors.Two leaders have the most important share value on the market (Nike and Adidas). The competitors are smaller than the two big groups, which have much money to invest in marketing investment, and butt end break out easily than the smaller. * Mature industry In this market, its difficult to innovate much mor e than today. The innovation exists for sure but it comes from details. Its really touchy to find for the company the perfect innovation. However companies works hard and try to find the best innovation possible to increase their share value. Mostly non- scathe competition In this market, the price war doesnt exist. In effect the competition between companies comes from the marketing, brand image and innovation (sometimes) but not on the price. in all the brand are close and cannot compete on the price. * Differentiation strategy A differentiation strategy go out pursue a unique position among your competitors. The aim of the strategy is for the business to become unique in the minds of its customers. For this reason, a small business needs to create a product offering that is someway unique.Uniqueness can be achieved through different factors like design or brand image, technology, customer service or other attractive features. 2. Threat of new entrants * Capital intensive and strong brand It is as very capital-intensive industry. Even though it would not be difficult for a new company to sustain the raw materials and the labor needed to produce shoes, there is almost no chance for them to gain popularity in such a mature industry with some of the strongest brand names in the world. Brand trustyty is extremely strong and it would be very hard for a new entrant to steal loyal customers from the already existent players. Economies of scales Economies of scale play a huge role as well and the bigger players have an advantage of producing the products at a refuse price than compared with newer entrants. As the output is bigger and the fixed costs of factories, machinery, marketing and R&D will be decreased per unit. Both marketing and R&D constitute high costs and since new entrants will not be able to take advantage of the economies of scale they will be less(prenominal) competitive. * High R&D costs It means that its necessary to invest in R&D if they w ant to compete against others brands.Its a survival question in this market. * Industry in consolidation phase The industry itself is in a consolidation phase and only the big ones will survive. The large companies are strategically and constantly acquiring smaller companies. Some of the most popular acquisitions include Reebok by Adidas, Converse by Nike. Small companies are bought before they become a threat to the bigger ones and before they have a chance to gain market share. In other words, it is impossible to experience in this industry because someone will take over your company. . Substitutes * Other types of product from other brands Each company has the same product (shoes, tee-shirts, socks). If the customer is not satisfied with one product, its easy for him to go in another brand and acquire something close to the first purchase. Thats why each company has to be aware of what it sells and what is the customers reaction. * New brand with different strategies As said in the PORTERs analysis, today there is some sport brand which are producing apparels but higher than the best known.For example the brand Quinze of Serge Blanco, famous in the rugby world is producing clothes which are dearly-won than Nike for example but not with the same quality. This kind of brand products with another savoir-faire and the price are not the same but the customer can be attracting to try it. * Entertainment brand To have fun today and doing something else than working, the customer has plenty of substitution products. The customer can read and there are many brands, which allow reading. Video games are product to entertain people (Sony, Nintendo) . Supplier power * Raw materials and cheap resources Typically apparels and shoes are manufacture using major raw materials cotton, rubber, and foam. All of these materials are commodity goods. In other words, the suppliers do not have the power to bargain the price of their product, since there are numerous suppliers. Hen ce the supplier power is low. However, there has been some standardization of production in the industry due to growing concerns of labor practices of the suppliers and manufacturers.These practices have been damaging the image of some companies including Nike. Therefore, the big companies prefer to work only with approved manufacturers and suppliers that are known to follow these labor standards. Both Adidas and Nike have created a system to ensure that all the high quality of the product, the working conditions, and the distribution are at high standards. Therefore, suppliers are trying to establish themselves as accepted because once they gain Nike as a customer they know that they will request enormous volumes. However, to reach this level, the supplier needs to make investments in their facilities to break working conditions and many suppliers cannot afford to do so. * Cheap labor Many people works for nothing in the eastern countries, in Asia to be precise. Competition again st the labor cost is impossible and many company delocalize the production abroad to reduce costs. 5. Buyer power * Everything depends on customers preferences The customer has the superior to buy product in retailing store with general brand or he could go to the special store, branding store as Nike store or Adidas store to get a product.Its a question of desire and where the customer lives too. * Price sensitivity issue In the general retail merchant store, prices are lower than official store. Thats why some customer prefers to go in retailer store and purchase product for lower price and maybe get more compare to the official store. * Growing retailer store More and more retailer store open and sell apparels and shoes from all sportswear brand. The customer has a lot of choice today and can choose whatever he wants and with his own criteria.

Scholary vs Popular Media Focus on Sexuality Paper

Its a Quick Way to Get What You Want A Formative export of HIV Risk Among Urban Massachusetts Men Who Have Sex with Men(MSM) Who Attend Sex Parties was an term retrieved from the AIDS Patient C be and STD Journal it was publish in October of 2010. The authors of this name are Matthew J. Mimiaga, Sari L. Reisner, Sean Bland, Kevin Cranston, Deborah Isenberg, Maura A. Driscoll, Rodney VanDerwarker, and Kenneth Mayer. The main focus of the research was to investigate the HIV commoveual pretend behaviors of MSM who reported attending and/or forcesing stir parties in Massachusetts in the past 12 months.Men who have come alive with workforce at these sex parties are at greater risk of receiving HIV or an STI payable to the f deed there are former(a) factors involved like alcohol, drugs, melloweder mean of anonymous partners, and unprotected sex(Migiaga, 2010). This study took positioning at the Fenway Health a health care and research facility. There were 40 preselected partic ipants who completed an in depth, semi structured qualitative interview and an interviewer-administered oecumenical quantitative assessment series for a hour and a half.The study/interviews were conducted by whiz of two trained interviewers. That asked questions like How would you define a sex companionship? When did you begin hosting/attending sex parties? Describe the sex parties you attended/hosted? Are condoms and lube available at these parties? What kind of cozy behaviors do men engage in and what HIV and STI risk behavior do you see happening? Do you participate or organize these parties? Any rules involved in your parties?While asking these questions they also assessed psychosocial factors like depression, anxiety, problematic alcohol use and history of drug or alcohol abuse, and the trauma history (like childhood sexual abuse). Results/conclusion of the study suggested that the men who attended these parties are at great risk of acquiring or transmitting the HIV due to the reasons explained throughout the article(Migiaga, 2010). Party, unravelAnd Pay was an article recovered from the Newsweek Journal that was published in February of 2005.This article gives a in truth detailed brief account of what a sex party full of men on crystal meth is like other wise known as Party and Play, or PnP for short. The authors describe the sex party scene as a room full of about 30 to 40 men paying 20 dollars a piece to the host of this party, they put all their belongs in hefty bags for safe keeping while they walk around in the nude having sex with multiple partners unprotected and employ illegal drugs. The authors mention several factors that were putting these men at risk such as drug usage, multiple partners, and unprotected sex.They talk about how one person on meth and having hundreds of unsafe sexual encounters could have been the result in a powerful drug-resistant strain of HIV. Leaving health officials and the community leadership to take a long look on how crystal methamphetamine is playing an enormous role in the spread of the AIDS Virus and HIV(Jefferson, Breslau, Darmen, Childress, & Juarez, 2005). The authors guide how crystal meth founders its users with a euphoric and hypersexual feeling, leading in binges with multiple partners for several days.In the article, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, men that are high on crystal meth are four times more likely to engage in unprotected sex than those who are not high. The article also reveals that many men pop Viagra to counter temporary impotence. This mix of drugs makes users more open to unsafe sex, thus leading to a greater risk of contracting HIV. They concluded the article with an interview on someone who has lived the life of the Party, PlayAnd Pay and how they lost e actuallythingBoth of these articles are referring to the great epidemic that is infecting the gay community-HIV. They talk about how behaviors like attendance of private sex par ties, drug usage, sex with multiple partners, and use of unprotected sex are assisting in the growth of HIV amongst the gay community.Even though these articles are providing a lot of the same information, they are very different. The learned article compared to the public media article is a lot more in depth and have factual numbers that were taken from the direct study. The authors of a pedantic article seem to leave no stone unturned and no question unasked. The donnish article encompasses an abstract-giving a description on the whole study which then leads to the introduction, methods used for modelling the design and the setting where the study took place and they how data was collected, how the candidates were chosen to participate.It also discussed how the qualitative interview was preformed and they questions that were asked, the article gave a quantitative assessment and the approach that was taken to retrieve the information, thus ending in results, conclusion and the discussion. The scholarly article provided information, numbers, percentages, and averages about the demographics, sexual behavior, and psychosocial characteristics of the men who were interviewed and surveyed in this study.It is written in a very formal tone, in great detail, displayed the authors findings to be displayed for other experts and students in a specific field to study and fall over. All of the authors who wrote on the scholarly were experts with degrees. Most of the scholarly articles found consisted of more then just one or two pages and they have specific guidelines. The authors cite their sources though out the article and they also let in a list of references at the very end. Graphs and data were included.Once the study is completed and the article is written it goes through a rigorous peer review process (Unknown, 2009). The public media article gave an informal tone (Unknown, 2009) to the whole HIV, drugs, gay men, and sex parties. They used information, facts, numbers, and percentages from different sources like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other various resources instead of conducting their own control study, survey, or interviews researched amongst a trained research team.Scholarly and popular media both provide a great come in of information, just presented differently. Scholarly articles seem to provide you with a more intellectual approach(Unknown , 2009) to the topic or what you are trying to learn and can be used perfectly in an academic environment, but unlike the popular media article its just numbers, demographics, facts taken from a research and its subjects. It lacks the real stories and visual pictures of human beings and how they are being affected by this epidemic.Talking about how some people lost their jobs, homes, family, and life to the life-style that lead them to AIDS or HIV, as a result hitting a little closer to home and how its affecting todays gay community and what they are doing to counte r act these behaviors. Professors like to advertise scholarly and peer reviewed articles simply because it is an array of factual information written by the subject matter experts in a very formative way.Sex is something that is not formally studied often and thats why people have many different perceptions of what sex is really like. sometimes these perceptions can lead to a lot of misleading information. Sex can be common to some but not so common to others due to the fact there are many aspects to sex like bisexuality, homosexuality, and heterosexuality. No one knows it all when it comes to sex and this is why you should leave it to the experts.This is perhaps why scholarly articles are preferred and hyped up by professors. Scholarly and public media articles can be very reliable depending on the source and their credentials. Conducting this review of the differences of a scholarly/peer reviewed article and the public media had shown me the pros and cons to both types of articles . If you are flavour for an article that is reliable academically and that has been reviewed by many of subject experts-scholarly articles are what youre looking for.If you are looking for informal information with very little statistics but reliable information on the subject matter you can read a public media article. In conclusion, if you really want to know more about the subject, look up both the scholarly and in public media articles just to assemblage a wide assortment of information from different variable resources.